Short Description
Tooth decay caused by bacterial acids breaking down enamel, leading to cavities and potential tooth damage if untreated. Dental “caries” is a disease process.
Long Description
Caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a bacterial infection that damages the structure of a tooth. It occurs when plaque bacteria break down sugars from food, producing acids that erode enamel and create small holes or cavities in the tooth. If untreated, caries can progress deeper, affecting the dentin and pulp, leading to pain and potential tooth loss.
Early signs of caries include white spots on the enamel, which indicate demineralization. As the decay worsens, the affected area may turn brown or black, and sensitivity or pain may develop, especially when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods. In severe cases, an abscess may form if bacteria reach the tooth’s nerve.
Prevention of caries involves good oral hygiene, such as brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, reducing sugar intake, and attending regular dental check-ups. Fluoride treatments, dental sealants, and professional cleanings also help strengthen enamel and prevent cavities from forming.